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Justice Commandos of the Armenian Genocide (JCAG) ((アルメニア語:Հայկական Ցեղասպանութեան Արդարութեան Մարտիկներ, ՀՑԱՄ)) was a militant Armenian organization that operated in various countries from 1975 to 1987. It sought the recognition of the Armenian Genocide by the Republic of Turkey and the establishment of an independent Armenia (including the eastern part of Turkey), to which end it conducted a campaign of attacks that targeted representatives of the Turkish Republic (mainly Turkish diplomats) around the world.〔Starving Armenians: America and the Armenian Genocide, 1915-1930 and After - Page 166 by Merrill D. Peterson〕〔(Barry Rubin, Barry M. Rubin, Judith Colp Rubin, ''"Chronologies of modern terrorism'' ), M.E. Sharpe, 2008, p. 68〕 ==Affiliation with Armenian Revolutionary Federation== The JCAG was the military branch of Armenian Revolutionary Federation.〔Francis P. Hyland, ''Armenian Terrorism: the Past, the Present, the Prospects'', Boulder-San Francisco-Oxford: Westview Press, 1991, pp. 61-62; Yves Ternon, ''La Cause arménienne'', Paris: Le Seuil, 1983, p. 218; ''The Armenian Reporter'', January 19, 1984, p. 1.〕 The fact was established as early as May 1976, when a member of JCAG was killed by his own bomb in the headquarters of ARF in Paris.〔Yves Ternon, p. 221〕 It was confirmed when French political scientist Gaïdz Minassian was allowed to consult the archives of ARF for his doctoral thesis.〔Gaïdz Minassian, ''Guerre et terrorisme arméniens'', Paris, Presses universitaires de France, 2002, pp. 32-34 and 106-109.〕 In several occasions, the official newspapers of ARF, in USA, France and Lebanon justified the "armed struggle"〔''Asbarez'', April 24, May 1st and 22, 1973; ''Haïastan'', July 1981 and special issue on Sassounian affair, February 1984; ''The Armenian Weekly'', August 21, September 17, December 10 and 24, 1983, January 14 and 28, 1984 and December 31, 1986.〕 and published official communiqués of JCAG.〔''Haïastan'', February and April–May, 1983〕 Such a choice has deep root in ARF's history: the party used terrorism many times, both against Ottoman Empire and Armenians opposed to the Dashnaks, the most famous being Bedros Kapamciyan, mayor of Van, assassinated in December 1912, and archbishop Leon Tourian, assassinated on December 24, 1933.〔Türkkaya Ataöv, "Procurement of Arms for Armenian Terrorists: Realities Based on Ottoman Documents", Heath W. Lowry, "Nineteenth and Twentieth Century Armenian Terrorism: 'Threads of Continuity'" and Paul B. Henze, "The Roots of Armenian Violence", in ''International Terrorism and the Drug Connection'', Ankara University Press, 1984, pp. 71-84 and 169-202; Michael M. Gunter, pp. 29-30 and 55; ''Houshamatyan of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation. Album-Atlas'', volume I, ''Heroic Battles. 1890-1914'', Los Angeles-Glendale: Next Day Color Printing, 2006, p. 7; Gaïdz Minassian, pp. 2 and 30-32; Louise Nalbandian, ''The Armenian Revolutionary Movement'', Berkeley-Los Angeles-London: University of California Press, 1963, chapter VII; Kapriel Serope Papazian, ''Patriotism Perverted'', Boston: Baikar Press, 1934, pp. 13-18 and 68-70; ''Rapport présenté au congrès socialiste international de Copenhague par le parti arménien "Dachnaktzoutioun"'', Genève, 1910, pp. 9 and 15-17; Jeremy Salt, ''The Unmaking of the Middle East'', Berkeley-Los Angeles-London: University of California Press, 2008, p. 59; Yves Ternon, pp. 124-125.〕 The legal branches of ARF fundraised to pay the lawyer costs of arrested JCAG members. The most famous case is Harry Sassounian,sentenced to life for the assassination of Turkish general consul in Los Angeles.〔Michael M. Gunter, ''"Pursuing the Just Cause of their People". A Study of Contemporary Armenian Terrorism'', Westport-New York-London, Greenwood Press, 1986, pp. 70 and 74; ("More Than $70 000 Raised for Hampig Sassounian Defense Effort" ), ''Asbarez'', 25 février 2002.〕 According to Dashnak newspaper ''Asbarez'' (October 15, 1983), several dozens of thousands of Armenians (ARF sympathisers and militants) participated to the Sassounian solidarity groups. French ARF organized a demonstration in front of US consulate in Lyon, in protestation against Sassounian's arrest.〔« Soutien à Sassounian (Lyon) », ''Haïastan'' (Paris), juin 1982, p. 6.〕 ARF supported also Harutyun Krikor Levonian and Alexander Elbekyan, sentenced to twenty years of prison for the assassination of Galip Balkar, Turkish ambassador in Belgrade, both by money and statements of support;〔''Haïastan'', June 1983, p. 6 (editorial); ''The Armenian Weekly'', October 1st, 1983, p. 1; "ANC east branches send protest telegrams to Belgrad", ''The Armenian Weekly'', January 14, 1984, p. 1.〕 and Max Hraïr Kilndjian, sentenced to two years of jail as an accessory in the attempt of murder against Turkish ambassador in Switzerland.〔Yves Ternon, pp. 223-224.〕 In 1982, an attempt to bomb the building of Turkish consulate in Philadelphia was stopped just in right time by the FBI; the leader of the group, Vicken Hovsepian, is sentenced to 6 years of jail, a sentence confirmed in appeal.〔"Court Finds Four Armenian Youth Guifly of '82 Attempt on Consulate", ''The Armenian Reporter'', October 18, 1984; (Verdict of appeal court )〕 Vicken Hovsepian is now the main leader of ARF in USA. In January 2001, another leader of American ARF, Mourad Topalian, was sentenced to 37 months of jail for illegal storing of war weapons and explosives, in the benefice of JCAG.〔(Armenian Terrorists at Work in USA ), NBC, 2005 ; http://www.usnews.com/usnews/news/articles/010205/archive_005996.htm〕 JCAG's activities were concentrated in European and North American countries targeting Turkish interests.〔Geopolitical and -Economic Changes in the Balkan Countries - Page 75 by Nicholas V. Gianaris〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Justice Commandos of the Armenian Genocide」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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